It is difficult to imagine how living matter in all its complexity could exist with any liquid other than water as the solvent. WATER IS THE MOST COMMON AND MOST IMPORTANT SOlVENT ON EARTH. 2 WHAT'S AHEAD 17.1 The Common-lon Effect We begin by considering a specific example of Le Chatelier's principle known as the common-ion effect Buffered Solutions We then consider the composition of buffered solutions, or buffers, and learn how they resist ph change upon the addition of small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base Acid-Base Titrations We continue by examining acid-base titration in detail, and we explore how to determine ph at any point in an acid-base titration Factors That Affect Solubility We investigate some of the factors that affect solubility, including the common-ion effect and the effect of acids Precipitation and Separation of Ions Continuing the discussion of solubility equilibria, we learn how to precipitate ions selectively Qualitative Analysis for Metallic Elements We conclude the chapter with an explanation of how the principles of solubility and complexation equilibria can be used to identify ions qualitatively in solution Solubility Equilibria Next, we learn how to use equilibrium constants known as solubility-product constants to determine to what extent a sparingly soluble salt will dissolve in water.
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